The Indian Ocean Dipole Part II -- The Future Concerns Behind Climate Change and Future Uncertainty for Africa
Last time we have talked about the reason behind extreme events -- the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), which contributed to Africa’s precipitation in the eastern region via its positive phase. Under the current situation, the effects of IOD in the future could be worse off due to climate change , especially for Africa. Thus, today I want to continue with this topic and extend our focus to the bigger picture of the future, which is associated with Africa’s resilience to any changes regarding climate change. In a warmer world, there will be more strong positive IODs, such as the one in 2019 that caused devastating floods in east Africa (eg: Mozambique), to bring more extreme events. The climate extremes in 2019 tend to occur more frequently under global warming in the future ( Cai et al., 2021 ). Also, it has been illustrated that pIODs are becoming more common. The occurrence and effects of pIODs are expected t...